當(dāng)?shù)貢r間4月30日，美國國家科學(xué)院（National Academy of Sciences，NAS）公布了最新一批院士名單，共包括100名美國本土科學(xué)家和25名外籍院士，以表彰他們在原創(chuàng)研究中的杰出成就。

其中包括4位華人：中國科學(xué)院院士、中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心主任、中科院微生物研究所教授、病原微生物與免疫學(xué)家高福，普林斯頓大學(xué)雪莉?蒂爾曼（Shirley M. Tilghman）終身講席教授、結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)家顏寧當(dāng)選為美國科學(xué)院外籍院士；哈佛大學(xué)工程與應(yīng)用科學(xué)學(xué)院教授鎖志剛（Zhigang Suo）和洛克菲勒大學(xué)教授、HHMI研究員陳玨（Jue Chen）當(dāng)選為美國科學(xué)院院士。

此外，據(jù)美國國家科學(xué)院當(dāng)天發(fā)布的消息，本次美國科學(xué)院院士與外籍院士當(dāng)選名單中，女性占40%，這一占比是歷年最高。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r間4月30日晚間，顏寧本人也在微博上發(fā)表了對這一最新榮譽(yù)的感想，稱對著鏡子練習(xí)了半天“德高望重”，“做不來做不來”。并提到自己后知后覺，“今天被轟炸完了5分鐘我才明白發(fā)生了啥。”

的確，發(fā)文無數(shù)、包攬諸多榮譽(yù)的顏寧現(xiàn)年還不滿42歲。

顏寧本科畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)，后于2000年出國深造，在普林斯頓大學(xué)完成了博士生涯并繼續(xù)博士后工作，師從著名結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)家、如今的西湖大學(xué)校長施一公教授。2007年，年僅30歲的顏寧從普林斯頓大學(xué)學(xué)成而歸，回到自己本科時的清華大學(xué)任教，成為了當(dāng)時清華大學(xué)最年輕的博士生導(dǎo)師。

在回國后的10年時間里，顏寧的研究工作主要聚焦于膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)制相關(guān)的生物學(xué)研究，在《科學(xué)》（Science）、《自然》（Nature）、《細(xì)胞》（Cell）等國際頂級期刊雜志上發(fā)表多篇論文。

回國4年，2011年，顏寧即獲得了中國生物物理學(xué)最高獎項——貝時璋獎。顏寧隨后還陸續(xù)獲得第九屆中國青年女科學(xué)家獎、2012年度科技創(chuàng)新人物、談家楨生命科學(xué)創(chuàng)新獎等。

2014年，37歲的顏寧率領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊首次成功解析了人源葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運關(guān)鍵蛋白GLUT1的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作機(jī)理，為地球生物最重要的能量來源葡萄糖如何進(jìn)入細(xì)胞揭開了一角。顏寧這一成果當(dāng)時被認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)勝了過去50年從事其結(jié)構(gòu)研究的所有科學(xué)家。

另外，顏寧曾在2017年8月被增選為中國科學(xué)院院士初步候選人，也是當(dāng)年157名候選人名單中最年輕的一位。不過，在當(dāng)年11月底公布的最終名單中，顏寧未能入選。

也就是在2017年，回國10年的顏寧決定離開清華大學(xué)，接受了普林斯頓大學(xué)向她伸出的橄欖枝。這一舉動在當(dāng)年的五一前后引起了國內(nèi)的廣泛關(guān)注，外界猜測頗多，甚至有“負(fù)氣出走”等聲音，但顏寧本人后來否認(rèn)了外界猜測，并表示“生怕自己在一個環(huán)境里待久了，可能故步自封而不自知；換一種環(huán)境，是為了給自己一些新的壓力、刺激自己獲得靈感，希望能夠在科學(xué)上取得新的突破。”

顏寧現(xiàn)為普林斯頓大學(xué)分子生物學(xué)系首位雪莉?蒂爾曼（Shirley M. Tilghman）終身講席教授。雪莉?蒂爾曼是世界著名分子生物學(xué)家、普林斯頓大學(xué)建校200多年來的首位女校長。

顏寧赴美之后依然保持著“高產(chǎn)”。就在 2018年6月底到9月初，短短70天內(nèi)顏寧團(tuán)隊在頂級學(xué)術(shù)期刊《科學(xué)》上連發(fā)3篇論文。

值得一提的是，就在當(dāng)選為美國科學(xué)院外籍院士的前一天， 4月29日，顏寧還在微博上慶祝自己剛剛獲得“魏茲曼女性與科學(xué)獎”（Weizmann Women and Science Award），當(dāng)時尚提到，“才發(fā)現(xiàn)這可能是我迄今獲得的最優(yōu)分量的獎了。”她認(rèn)為，一個獎的分量在“在于過去的得獎人“。

美國國家科學(xué)院成立于1863年，是一個由美國著名科學(xué)家組成的非盈利、非政府組織，入選該院的院士是美國乃至世界學(xué)術(shù)界最高的榮譽(yù)之一。入選者無需自行申請，而是基于其在原創(chuàng)研究中所做出的突出且持續(xù)的貢獻(xiàn)，新院士由現(xiàn)任院士在每年4月舉行的美國科學(xué)院年會上投票選出，外籍院士沒有投票權(quán)。每年將會有100名國籍為美國的新院士被選出，同時還有最多有25名的外籍院士被選出來。

目前美國科學(xué)院院士總產(chǎn)生2347名院士，其中約有487名為外籍院士。截至2018年，他們中有190人曾獲得過諾貝爾獎。而這其中，截至2018年，共有超過100名華人、華裔科學(xué)家當(dāng)選為美國科學(xué)院院士以及外籍院士，其中包括李政道、楊振寧、丁肇中等華人諾貝爾獎得主。

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最新一批美國國家科學(xué)院院士名單

Ackerman, Susan L.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Steven Kuffler Chair of Biology and professor, department of cell and molecular medicine, University of California, San Diego

Aizenberg, Joanna; Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science and professor of chemistry and chemical biology, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Alberts, Susan C.; Robert F. Durden Professor of Biology, departments of biology and evolutionary anthropology, Duke University, Durham, N.C.

Balents, Leon; Pat and Joe Yzurdiaga Chair of Theoretical Physics and professor of physics and permanent member, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara

Banks, Martin S.; professor, Wills Neuroscience Institute, and professor of bioengineering, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley

Basbaum, Allan I.; professor and chairman, department of anatomy, University of California, San Francisco

Bierbaum, Rosina M.; Roy F. Westin Chair in Natural Economics, University of Maryland; and professor of natural resources and environment policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Booker, Squire J.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Evan Pugh University Professor of Chemistry and professor of biochemistry and molecular biology, department of chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, State College

Boyden, Edward S.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Y. Eva Tan Professor in Neurotechnology and professor, departments of brain and cognitive sciences and biological engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Bretherton, Christopher S.; professor, departments of applied mathematics and atmospheric sciences, University of Washington, Seattle

Caflisch, Russel E.; director and professor, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York City

Callaway, Edward M.; professor, Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Sciences, and senior fellow, Crick-Jacobs Center for Theoretical and Computational Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.

Chayes, Jennifer T.; technical fellow and managing director, Microsoft Research New York, Microsoft Research Montreal, and Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, Mass.

Chen, Jue; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and William E. Ford Professor, The Rockefeller University, New York City

Cialdini, Robert B.; regents' professor emeritus, departments of psychology and marketing, Arizona State University, Tempe

Colonna, Marco; Robert Rock Belliveau MD Professor and professor of pathology, department of pathology and immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

Coruzzi, Gloria M.; Carroll and Milton Petrie Professor of Biology, department of biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York City

Cuervo, Ana Maria; professor of developmental and molecular biology, anatomy and structural biology, and medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.

Currie, Janet; Henry Putnam Professor of Economics and Public Affairs and director, Center for Health and Well-Being, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Dine, Michael; distinguished professor, department of physics, University of California, Santa Cruz

Egelman, Edward H.; Harrison Distinguished Professor, department of biochemistry and molecular genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville

Ekstr?m, G?ran; professor of earth sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y.

Elser, James J.; professor, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; and Bierman Professor of Ecology and director, Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson

Engels, William R.; professor of genetics emeritus, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Falcone, Roger W.; director, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and professor, department of physics, University of California, Berkeley

Farquhar, James; professor, department of geology and earth systems science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park

Fogel, Marilyn L.; director, EDGE Institute, and Wilbur W. Mayhew Endowed Professor of Geoecology, department of earth sciences, University of California, Riverside

Friend, Cynthia M.; Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, professor of materials sciences, and director, Rowland Institute at Harvard, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

García-Sastre, Adolfo; director, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and professor of microbiology and medicine, department of microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City

Gierasch, Lila M.; distinguished professor, department of biochemistry and molecular biology and department of chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Goldberg, Pinelopi K.; William K. Lanman Professor of Economics, department of economics, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Greene, Chris H.; Albert Overhauser Distinguished Professor, department of physics and astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.

Grimm, Nancy B.; Virginia M. Ullman Professor of Ecology and senior sustainability scientist, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe

Hagan, Maura E.; dean of science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan

Hammond, Paula T.; David H. Koch (1962) Professor of Engineering and department head, department of chemical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Harrison, Maria J.; William H. Crocker Research Chair, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Heald, Rebecca; Flora Lamson Hewlett Endowed Chair in Biochemistry, professor, and head, division of cell and developmental biology, molecular and cell biology department, University of California, Berkeley

Inouye, Masayori; distinguished professor, department of biochemistry and molecular biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick

Jackson, Jeremy B.C.; professor emeritus, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; and senior scientist emeritus, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

Jinks-Robertson, Sue; professor, co-vice chair, and director, cell and molecular biology program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N.C.

Johnson, Patricia J.; professor, department of microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles

Kahne, Daniel; Higgins Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Kamionkowski, Marc; William R. Kenan Jr. Professor, department of physics and astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

Kirkegaard, Karla A.; Violetta L. Horton Research Professor, professor of genetics, and professor of microbiology and immunology, department of genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Kotliar, Gabriel; board of governors professor, department of physics and astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick

Kra, Bryna Rebekah; Sarah Rebecca Roland Professor of Mathematics, mathematics department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

Krasnow, Mark A.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Paul and Millie Berg Professor of Biochemistry, department of biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

Laibson, David; Robert I. Goldman Professor of Economics and chair, department of economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Lenardo, Michael J.; director, clinical genomics program, and senior investigator and section chief, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Levin, Leonid A.; professor of computer science, computer science department, Boston University, Boston

Ley, Timothy J.; Lewis T. and Rosalind B. Apple Chair in Oncology, division of oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

Lipson, Michal; professor, department of electrical and computer engineering, Columbia University, New York City

Long, Stephen P.; Gutgsell Endowed Professor and Ikenberry Endowed University Chair, departments of plant biology and crop sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Malik, Harmit S.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and full member, division of basic sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle

Marchetti, M. Cristina; professor, department of physics, University of California, Santa Barbara

Marraffini, Luciano A.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and professor, The Rockefeller University, New York City

Martínez, Todd J.; D.M. Ehrsam and E.C. Franklin Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University; and professor of photon science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, Calif.

Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; J.C. Warner University Professor of Natural Science, department of chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh

McGinnis, William J.; professor of biology and dean, division of biological sciences, cell, and developmental biology, University of California, San Diego

Mele, Eugene J.; professor of physics, department of physics and astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Milner, George R.; distinguished professor of anthropology, department of anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College

Milner, Helen V.; B.C. Forbes Professor of Politics and International Affairs, and founding director, Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Moffitt, Robert A.; Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Economics, department of economics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

Moore, David D.; R.P. Doherty Jr. Welch Professorship and professor, department of molecular and cellular biology, department of medicine, and department of molecular and human genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston

Nelson, Mark T.; university distinguished professor and chair of pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington

Newman, Dianne K.; professor of biology and geobiology, division of geological and planetary sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

Ostrander, Elaine A.; NIH distinguished investigator, and chief, Cancer Genetics Branch and Intramural Research Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Pierrehumbert, Janet B.; senior research fellow, Trinity College; and professor of language modelling, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Rabin, Matthew; Pershing Square Professor of Behavioral Economics, department of economics, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Raulet, David; professor of immunology and pathogenesis and co-chair, department of molecular and cell biology, University of California, Berkeley

Regev, Aviv; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; professor, department of biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and chair of the faculty and core member, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.

Reid, Mark J.; senior radio astronomer, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

Roeder, Kathryn; professor, department of statistics and computational biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh

Ronald, Pamela C.; director of grass genetics, Joint BioEnergy Institute; and distinguished professor, department of plant pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Genome Center, University of California, Davis

Roussel, Martine F.; professor, full member, and endowed chair in molecular oncogenesis, tumor cell biology department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn.

Sabatini, Bernardo L.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Alice and Rodman W. Moorhead III Professor, department of neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston

Schutz, Bernard F.; professor and deputy director, Data Innovation Research Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Seljak, Uros; Professor, Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Faculty Senior Staff, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Shenker, Scott J.; professor, department of electrical engineering and computer sciences, University of California, Berkeley

Simon, Barry; IBM Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, division of physics, astronomy, and mathematics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

Smith, Karen E.; professor of mathematics, department of mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Smith, Linda; distinguished professor, department of psychological and brain sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington

Speck, Nancy A.; investigator, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; and professor, department of cell and developmental biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia

Spencer, Thomas E.; Curators' Distinguished Professor of Animal Sciences and professor of reproductive biology and genomics, division of animal sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia

Strome, Susan; distinguished professor, department of molecular, cell, and developmental biology, University of California, Santa Cruz

Suo, Zhigang; Allen E. and Marilyn M. Puckett Professor of Mechanics and Materials, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Tirrell, Matthew V.; Pritzker Director, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago

Turner, Paul E.; Elihu Professor, department of ecology and evolutionary biology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Valley, John W.; Charles R. Hise Professor, department of geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison

VandeWoude, Sue; professor, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins

Voytas, Daniel F.; director, Center for Genome Engineering, and professor, department of genetics, cell biology, and development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

Weis, William I.; William M. Hume Professor, professor of structural biology, molecular and cellular physiology, and photon science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

Williams, David R.; Florence and Laura Norman Professor of Public Health, and professor of African and African American studies and sociology, department of social and behavioral sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston

Wolberger, Cynthia; professor, department of biophysics and biophysical chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore

Wolfner, Mariana F.; Goldwin Smith Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics, department of molecular biology and genetics. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Yacoby, Amir; professor of physics and professor of applied physics, department of physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Yaghi, Omar M.; James and Neeltje Tretter Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley

Yazdani, Ali; professor of physics, department of physics, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Zilberman, David; professor of agricultural and resource economics, and Robinson Chair, department of agriculture and resource economics, University of California, Berkeley

Zuk, Marlene; professor, department of ecology, evolution, and behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

最新一批美國國家科學(xué)院外籍院士名單

ávila, Artur; full professor and researcher, Institut für Mathematik, Universit?t Zürich, Switzerland (Brazil/France)

Blatt, Rainer; scientific director, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences; and professor of physics, Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria (Austria/Germany)

Blundell, Richard; David Ricardo Professor of Political Economy, department of economics, University College London, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Castillo Butters, Luis Jaime; full professor of archaeology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Peru)

Feringa, Ben L.; Jacobus van't Hoff Distinguished Professor of Molecular Sciences, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Netherlands (Netherlands)

Fischer, Alain; professor, College of France; and professor, Institute Imagine, Hospital Necker-Enfants Maladies, France (France)

Gao, George F.; director general, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; dean, medical school, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; vice president, National Natural Science Foundation of China; and professor, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China (People’s Republic of China)

Graves, Jennifer A.M.; professor emeritus, Australian National University; and distinguished professor, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia (Australia)

Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel; co-founder and executive director, Afrobarometer; and executive director, Ghana Center for Democratic Development, Ghana (Ghana)

Harel, David; William Sussman Professor of Mathematics, department of computer science and applied mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (Israel)

Hassan, Rashid; professor emeritus, agricultural economics, extension and rural development, environmental economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa (South Africa/Sudan)

Langdale, Jane A.; senior research fellow, Queen's College; and professor, department of plant development, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Logan, Gordon; Centennial Professor, department of psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (Canada)

Nielsen, Jens; professor, department of biology and biological engineering, Chalmers Institute of Technology, Sweden (Denmark)

Normark, Staffan; professor, department of microbiology, tumor, and cell biology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden (Sweden)

Novoselov, Konstantin S.; Langworthy Professor of Physics, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (Russia/United Kingdom)

Oren, Moshe; professor, molecular cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (Israel)

Saéz, Juan Carlos; acting director, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Chile (Chile)

Sauvage, Jean-Pierre; professor emeritus, Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, France (France)

Scheffer, Marten; head, aquatic ecology and water management department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Netherlands (Netherlands)

Spirin, Alexander; former director, Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia (Russia)

Stefánsson, Kári; professor of medicine, University of Iceland; and president, chief executive officer, and director, deCODE genetics, Iceland (Iceland)

Watt, Fiona M.; director, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Yan, Nieng; Shirley M. Tilghman Professor of Molecular Biology, department of molecular biology, Princeton University (People’s Republic of China)

Zechner, Rudolf; director, BioTechMed-Graz; and professor, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria (Austria)